Premature births Influenced by Heredity

Risk of preterm birth seem to be determined  by genetic factors. This conclusion came after researchers  found  that month of birth is less likely to occur in one family.

Women who were born prematurely or who have a brother and the woman who was also born prematurely, had a 50-60 percent risk of experiencing more rapid delivery of time. Similarly, according to research by a team of researchers from The University of Aberdeen, Scotland, against 22,343 data of mother and daughter in Scotland.

Premature birth is one of the main causes of death in newborns and infants could disrupt growth and development. During this time, the causes of premature birth remains a mystery, because in most cases the condition was normal and healthy pregnancy.

"This initial study can be input for the obstetrician to include heredity as things that need attention to prevent premature birth. Further research will be conducted to identify the genes," said lead researcher Dr. Bhattacharya Sohinee.

The data used in this study come from the Aberdeen Maternity Neonatal Databank data. The resident population in the city is quite stable and the majority of women do deliveries in the same hospital. Therefore, these data are considered quite valid.

Known formerly pregnant women who were born prematurely have a 60 percent risk of experiencing childbirth less months, especially if it is a first pregnancy.

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Recognize the Causes of Premature Birth

Preterm birth is the occurrence of delivery before the full gestational age standards, namely in gestational age between 20-36 weeks. Normal pregnancy is 40 weeks duration was calculated from the first day of last menstrual period.

Infants born less months, usually birth weight less than 2,500 grams. These premature babies who may die at birth or require intensive care because his vital organs have matured, for example lung, liver, or swallowing reflex.

In Indonesia, 30 percent of births occur prematurely. Preterm labor are often not known why. But according Dr.Gilberto R. Pereira, an expert from Children's Hospital perinatologi Philadelphia, United States, there are several causes of preterm labor. Among these are:

- Cervical or cervix does not close completely so that pregnancy can not be maintained.

- Pre-eclampsia or eclampsia, the condition of pregnancy with complications of high blood pressure, release of protein in the urine and swelling in both legs. "If the pregnancy could endanger the lives of his mother passed on," said Pereira.

- Placenta previa or location of the placenta was covering the birth canal.

- Failure of fetal growth.

- Infection of the amnion or amniotic membrane.

- Too little amniotic fluid

- The birth of twins

- Forms of abnormal uterine

- Have experienced previous preterm birth

Symptoms of preterm labor is that there is increase in the number of mucus in the vagina, a feeling like menstrual cramps, intermittent, feels no pressure with a regular rhythm in the pelvic area, back pain associated with a sense of cramping in the abdomen. Those who experience it must immediately contact the nearest doctor.

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This Terprematur and Smallest Babies in the World

Baby boy broke records most premature babies born in the world. Tom Thum, a nickname given by the nurses in German hospitals that care for this tiny baby, born prematurely at 25 weeks gestation.

So tiny, so the measuring height looks so big for him. Weight Tom Thum only 9 ounces or 275 grams. The length from head to toe just the size of a sheet of A4 paper.

However, precisely because this is the tiny size of doctors believe that most premature babies in the world that have survived and survived.

Record previously held by the premature baby Tyler Martin, who was born in New Jersey, USA, in 2004 with a weight of 320 grams.

Meanwhile, for premature babies of women who live weight is 244 grams. Doctors generally believe that babies weighing below 350 grams would not be able to survive.

Birth of Tom Thum conducted by Section Caeserean University of Medicine Goettingen in Germany in June 2009.

After the doctor decided Tom Thum strong enough to be treated in his parents' home this week, then the hospitals announced their success to make Tom Thum stay alive.

"After studying all the official medical and scientific documents, we can say with certainty that Tom Thum is the Smallest in the world of premature babies who survive, last year," said Stefan Weller, a spokesman for the university.

Only three infants had been recorded as the smallest premature infants born at a university hospital emergency room, all of whom are women.

New in December 2009, after the baby is published in good condition and otherwise able to survive after being treated intensively so that weighs 3.7 pounds. This figure is regarded as an average weight of babies at birth in Germany.

During the 24 hours a day, all the time, that child is in the incubator and connected to feeding tubes, breathing, heart monitors, catheters, and most electronic devices to monitor vital signs of life every day.

Day by day he grew stronger, until this week her parents were allowed to take her home. Identity withheld at the request of his parents.

"I have spoken with the baby's parents. I hope that after he grows up will be a hunter," said Stephan Seeliger, a leading expert premature babies.

The hospital was sure, though born prematurely at 25 weeks gestation, Tom Thum will grow into a normal and healthy child.

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Optimize Intelligence DHA Premature Baby

The rapid growth of human brain cells since in the womb until it reaches the level of perfection at the age of four to five years to make the fulfillment of nutritional factors as a vital factor. When nutrient intake is not considered, it is not likely to happen imperfections brain cell growth.

Forming the main component of the brain is fat and raw materials to form new nerve cells in the brain is protein. One of the most important in brain development and intelligence are DHA (docosahexonoic acid). About 25 of the 60 percent fat, which is the main component of the structure of the brain is DHA. These fatty acids are needed as a baby in the womb until birth and growing up.

DHA is a polyunsaturated fatty acid long chain which is also known as omega-3 community. Actual human body naturally produces DHA, but the number was too small and does not routinely produced and need extra from the outside. DHA are found in various deep-sea fish such as salmon, tuna, fish oil, or flaxseed.

That's why pregnant and lactating women are strongly advised to diligently eating the food sources of omega-3. Research also shows, nursing mothers who eat foods containing unsaturated fatty acids, including omega-3 contained in fish and fish oil, helps the development of the baby's brain cells, including babies born at less months (premature).

Researchers from the Canadian Pediatric Academic Societies meeting, recommends that mothers breastfeed their babies born prematurely to consume more omega-3 source.

"DHA content of mothers who did not consume milk source of omega-3 than people who eat fewer omega-3. In order for babies born prematurely reach the optimal development of brain cells during lactation period to consider the intake of omega-3, if necessary by supplements," Dr.Isabelle said Marc, a pediatrician from Laval University, Canada.

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Premature Babies More Susceptible to Pain

Premature babies are more sensitive to pain so that they feel pain more acutely than in infants born to normal. Experts suspect this is due to the intensive care they receive at the hospital.

Feeding through tubes, syringes, and blood tests which must be experienced premature babies makes them more sensitive to pain. For that reason, experts recommend that babies who are in intensive care receive pain medication better.

A number of researchers from University College London to make research to monitor the brain activity of premature infants who are hospitalized for 40 days when they undergo routine blood tests.

Measurement of brain activity using electroencephalogram (EEG) showed premature babies have a stronger brain activity than a healthy baby at the same age when they should be injected and drawn blood. In other words, babies born prematurely are more sensitive to pain.

When both groups of infants received a soft touch in the legs, both show the same brain activity. It shows the sensitivity of the premature infant is more to pain than the usual touch.

"Our results show premature births and intensive care in a hospital affects the brain in the process of feeling pain or pain," said Dr Rebeccah Slater, lead researcher.

Premature babies generally should receive intensive care in a long time. Therefore, the researchers recommend that health workers and doctors noticed the quality of pain management. "Doctors and nurses should ensure that the pain experienced by infants remain a minimum," said Slater

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Special treatment for Premature Babies

Infants born prematurely do need a different treatment than infants who were born just months. Perinatologi specialists at the University of Pennyslvania, School of Medicine, Gilberto R. Pereira, said the baby was born during the five months of pregnancy is considered worthy of living.

Determination of the baby's condition is not sufficient based on gestational age, but also the baby's weight at birth. "Babies born weighing less than one kilogram, has a life expectancy of about 50 percent. Because it is necessary for handling and monitoring that very closely," Pereira said in a Premature Baby Cares campaign launched by Wyeth held in Jakarta on Thursday

Infants weighing less than 1.8 kilograms must be constantly measured growth, such as weight, head circumference, measure oxygen levels, the ability of hearing, brain development, and biokemikal. "Premature babies more prone to hypothermia, bleeding in the brain and retina of the eye disorders that can result in blindness," said Pereira.

Nutrition in infants also must be considered, given the sucking and swallowing reflex premature infants has not been perfect. "Must meet the nutritional intake of nutrients to keep pace with growth," he said.

Prior to discharge, according to Pereira infants must meet several requirements, including minimum weight 1800 g, capable of taking an active, able to control their body temperature, do not require oxygen therapy, his weight is stable, clinically stable and parents have received training in the care of premature infants home.

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Plastic "Sandwich" Save the Babies This

Experienced a miracle baby born prematurely at a small hospital in England. This little baby made it through the critical period after the saved plastic sandwich bag that keeps them warm.

Premature babies named Lexi Lacey was born 14 weeks earlier than normal delivery schedule. Doctors who treated him at Worcestershire Royal Hospital was sentenced that Lexi has a life expectancy of only about 10 percent.

However, God wills other. Babies born weighing only 396 grams it was safe from the threat of death after plastic wrapped sandwiches obtained by doctors from the hospital canteen.

Mother of the baby, Chelsea Rowberry (17), was afraid to have a miscarriage when his stomach cramps, heartburn, and pain on 26 June. At that time, a new pregnancy was 26 weeks. He then called RS Worcestershire and he was asked not to panic by an officer of the hospital.

Shortly thereafter, experienced abdominal cramps Rowberry increasingly intensified. He was eventually picked up by ambulance and taken to the hospital to get treatment.

Worcestershire hospital, the doctor was puzzled because the hospital did not have a premature baby care facilities are born under 28 weeks. Doctors had to take the initiative to bring Rowberry Birmingham Heartland Hospital which has a more complete equipment, but the time is not possible anymore.

Rowberry Maternity Hospital was finally performed in Worcestershire and baby Lexi gets sober treatment. Doctors had then tried to perform an emergency action by creating an incubator using plastic sandwich bags measuring 15 cm from the hospital canteen.

For several long, Lexi was able to survive before he was taken to Birmingham Heartland Hospital and treated for three days there. Lexi also briefly hospitalized in Shrewsbury and undergoing restoration for 11 weeks in the hospital Worcestershire.

Now the weight of Lexi has reached about 2.5 kg and was allowed to return to his home.

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Threatened Premature Baby Blindness

Threatened preterm infants born retinal disorder called retinopathy of prematurity. Delays in detection and treatment of these disorders can result in permanent blindness. Although potentially fatal, disorder is only a concern for some time.

Currently at the Central Public Hospital Dr Sardjito Yogyakarta, on average there were six infants who suffer from disorders detectable retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) of each month. ROP incurable but preventable blindness, retinal specialist said Dr Angela Nurini Agni Sardjito Yogyakarta on Wednesday (6 / 10), during a press conference related to the day the eyes of the world (world sight day) which falls every October 7.

Angela says, ROP occurs because the retinal blood vessels in premature infants has not been perfect. Blood vessels are not perfect is very sensitive to oxygen, so that when exposed to contact with oxygen will be narrowed. When the handling of late, it triggers the growth of blood vessels of wild and eventually cause blindness.

In general, the prevalence rate of abnormalities of ROP in premature infants is between 6-7 percent of total preterm delivery. With the increasing survival rates for premature infants, ROP patients also increased. However, the possibility of occurrence of ROP varies greatly, depending on the age of the fetus at birth. The younger the age of the fetus at birth, the greater the likelihood of ROP.

According to Angela, a number of children with abnormalities of ROP late preventable blindness. One of them caused by the limited means at the hospital. To detect abnormalities of ROP needed new special laser tool available in some large hospitals.

Limitations of these tools often cause a dilemma in handling premature babies. Due to the weak condition, premature babies can not be brought on the way, but if not promptly given appropriate treatment will suffer from blindness. Typically, doctors will choose to save his life first, says Angela.

Currently, the vigilance to prevent blindness due to abnormalities of ROP in premature babies have started to rise. One of these is the stipulation agreement with the oxygen dose can be given to premature babies. Too much oxygen so the risk factor, he said.

Chairman of Indonesian Association of Doctors Eye Specialist (Perdami) DI Yogyakarta Suhardjo said earlier this abnormality less attention. A year ago there was a chance of cases of ROP in a hospital in Jakarta. Just then, people really do pay attention to this disorder, he said.

Commemorating the day the eyes of the world, held a seminar DIY Perdami Early Detection and Management of Eye Disorders in Infants on 9 October. This seminar is expected to increase knowledge and public health practitioners so as to minimize the blindness due to ROP.

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